Para as Negras· ECO C20· iniciante

Ataque Parham

A dama branca sai logo no segundo lance. Defende e5 e f7, desenvolve-te com ganho de tempo sobre a dama e toma a iniciativa.

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5

Ataque Parham: posição inicial após 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5

O que é Ataque Parham?

O Ataque Parham (1.e4 e5 2.Dh5), chamado Wayward Queen Attack em inglês e às vezes Abertura Patzer, tira a dama branca no segundo lance para atacar o peão de e5 e, quando o bispo chega a c4, o peão de f7. É conhecido sobretudo como o caminho para o mate pastor, mas é uma abertura a sério que alguns jogadores fortes usam como surpresa em blitz online. A tarefa das pretas é simples: defender e5 e f7 primeiro (2...Cc6, depois 3...g6 ou 3...De7) e depois desenvolver-se perseguindo a dama com ...g6, ...Cf6 e ...Cd4. Os motores avaliam a posição como boa para as pretas, até ligeiramente melhor, mas 2.Dh5 não está refutado: se as pretas se limitarem a defender passivamente, as brancas obtêm uma partida normal.

Variações principais

Cada variação abaixo vem com um diagrama e o plano principal. Clique em «Treine esta abertura» para praticar cada linha com repetição espaçada.

Quer repassar Ataque Parham de memória? Pratique as suas aberturas lance a lance no treinador gratuito e volte depois às variações que errou.

Main defense: 3...g6 and 4...Nf6

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6

Ataque Parham Main defense: 3...g6 and 4...Nf6 após 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6
Linha principal: 5.Ne2 Bg7 6.Nbc3 d6 7.d3 O-O

The standard plan. 2...Nc6 guards e5, 3...g6 kicks the queen, and when 4.Qf3 renews the threat on f7, 4...Nf6 blocks the f-file while developing. Black continues with ...Bg7, ...d6 and castles; White usually settles for Ne2, Nbc3 and d3, and Black is at least equal.

Queen guard: 3...Qe7

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 Qe7

Ataque Parham Queen guard: 3...Qe7 após 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 Qe7
Linha principal: 4.Nc3 Nd4 5.Qd1 c6

A simpler defense: the queen covers f7 and e5 at once, without the ...g6 weakening. Black then aims ...Nd4 at c2 and plays ...Nf6 with tempo on the queen. The queen blocks the f8 bishop for a while, so Black untangles later with ...c6, ...d6 or ...g6.

Punishing 5.Qb3?: 5...Nd4!

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6 5.Qb3 Nd4

Ataque Parham Punishing 5.Qb3?: 5...Nd4! após 2...Nc6 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6 5.Qb3 Nd4
Linha principal: 6.Bxf7+ Ke7 7.Qc4 b5

Renewing the attack on f7 with 5.Qb3? is a common club mistake. 5...Nd4! hits the queen and the c2 pawn. If White grabs the pawn with 6.Bxf7+ Ke7 7.Qc4, then 7...b5! attacks the queen while the king attacks the f7 bishop, and Black wins a piece.

Armadilhas comuns

Observe a armadilha acontecer no tabuleiro ou avance jogada a jogada. São padrões que você pode punir nas suas próprias partidas.

Scholar's Mate: 3...Nf6??

The trap every beginner meets: 3...Nf6?? develops and attacks the queen but ignores the threat, and 4.Qxf7 is mate. Against an early queen, check what the queen and the c4 bishop attack together before every move.

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Qxf7#

0/7

Start position

2...g6?? loses the rook

Kicking the queen too early backfires: 2...g6?? leaves e5 undefended and opens the long diagonal, so 3.Qxe5+ forks the king and the h8 rook. Play 2...Nc6 first, so e5 is protected, and only then ...g6.

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 g6 3.Qxe5+ Qe7 4.Qxh8

0/7

Start position

Counter-trap: 5.g4? Nd4!

White sometimes pushes 5.g4 to chase the f6 knight. 5...Nd4! hits the queen and c2, and after 6.Qd1 d5! Black opens lines against a king still stuck in the centre, with the g4 pawn hanging. Engines give Black a winning position.

1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 Nc6 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6 5.g4 Nd4 6.Qd1 d5

0/12

Start position

Até onde você deve estudar?

Below 1000

Learn one set-up and stick to it: 2...Nc6, 3...g6, 4...Nf6. Before each move, check whether f7 is attacked twice.

1000–1400

Use the queen as a target: ...g6, ...Nf6 and ...Nd4 all gain time. Know the 5.Qb3? Nd4! and 5.g4? Nd4! punishments, they come up often at this level.

1400+

Expect sensible play (Ne2, Nbc3, d3). Don't overreach: develop, castle, and use your extra time for a central break with ...d5 when it is safe.

Perguntas frequentes

Is the Wayward Queen Attack the same as Scholar's Mate?

No. Scholar's Mate is the four-move checkmate 4.Qxf7# that can arise from it. The Wayward Queen Attack is the opening 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 itself, which goes on for many moves once Black defends correctly. Our blog has a dedicated guide to stopping Scholar's Mate; this page covers the opening and how to exploit the early queen.

Is 2.Qh5 a bad opening?

It is dubious but not losing. Engines rate the position as roughly equal or slightly better for Black: the queen comes out early and gets chased, but White has no structural weakness. Against careful defense it leads to a normal game, which is why it survives as a surprise weapon in blitz.

What is the best defense against 2.Qh5?

2...Nc6, defending e5, is the most common and sound reply. Then 3.Bc4 g6 4.Qf3 Nf6, or 3...Qe7. Avoid 2...g6?? (3.Qxe5+ wins the rook) and 3...Nf6?? (4.Qxf7 mate).

Can Black answer 2.Qh5 with 2...Nf6?

2...Nf6 3.Qxe5+ Be7 gives up the e5 pawn for quick development, and engines consider it playable, but it is a gamble you don't need: 2...Nc6 keeps the material and still gains time on the queen.

How do I practise the defense?

Drill the three or four lines on this page until the replies are automatic. ChessAtlas uses spaced repetition, so each line comes back just before you would forget it, and you meet 2.Qh5 over the board already knowing the punishment.

Pronto para treinar Ataque Parham?

Cada variação acima é um exercício no ChessAtlas. A repetição espaçada programa cada jogada para que você nunca mais esqueça uma linha. Grátis para começar, sem cartão de crédito.